Statistical Software

One of Stata’s incredibly useful abilities is to temporarily store calculations from commands.

Why is this so useful? (more…)

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Last time we created two variables and used the lm() command to perform a least squares regression on them, and diagnosing our regression using the plot() command.

Just as we did last time, we perform the regression using lm(). This time we store it as an object M. (more…)

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by David Lillis, Ph.D.

Last time we created two variables and added a best-fit regression line to our plot of the variables. Here are the two variables again. (more…)

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Today let’s re-create two variables and see how to plot them and include a regression line. We take height to be a variable that describes the heights (in cm) of ten people. (more…)

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In the last lesson, we saw how to use qplot to map symbol colour to a categorical variable. Now we see how to control symbol colours and create legend titles.

M <- structure(list(PATIENT = c("Mary","Dave","Simon","Steve","Sue","Frida","Magnus","Beth","Peter","Guy","Irina","Liz"),
GENDER = c("F","M","M","M","F","F","M","F","M","M","F","F"),
TREATMENT = c("A","B","C","A","A","B","A","C","A","C","B","C"),
AGE =c("Y","M","M","E","M","M","E","E","M","E","M","M"),
WEIGHT_1 = c(79.2,58.8,72.0,59.7,79.6,83.1,68.7,67.6,79.1,39.9,64.7,65.6),
WEIGHT_2 = c(76.6,59.3,70.1,57.3,79.8,82.3,66.8,67.4,76.8,41.4,65.3,63.2),
HEIGHT = c(169,161,175,149,179,177,175,170,177,138,170,165),
SMOKE = c("Y","Y","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","N","Y"),
EXERCISE = c(TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,TRUE),
RECOVER = c(1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1)),
.Names = c("PATIENT","GENDER","TREATMENT","AGE","WEIGHT_1","WEIGHT_2","HEIGHT","SMOKE","EXERCISE","RECOVER"),
class = "data.frame", row.names = 1:12)

M

    PATIENT GENDER TREATMENT AGE WEIGHT_1 WEIGHT_2 HEIGHT SMOKE EXERCISE RECOVER
1     Mary      F         A   Y     79.2     76.6    169     Y     TRUE       1
2     Dave      M         B   M     58.8     59.3    161     Y    FALSE       0
3    Simon      M         C   M     72.0     70.1    175     N    FALSE       1
4    Steve      M         A   E     59.7     57.3    149     N    FALSE       1
5      Sue      F         A   M     79.6     79.8    179     N     TRUE       1
6    Frida      F         B   M     83.1     82.3    177     N    FALSE       0
7   Magnus      M         A   E     68.7     66.8    175     N    FALSE       1
8     Beth      F         C   E     67.6     67.4    170     N     TRUE       1
9    Peter      M         A   M     79.1     76.8    177     N     TRUE       1
10     Guy      M         C   E     39.9     41.4    138     N    FALSE       1
11   Irina      F         B   M     64.7     65.3    170     N    FALSE       0
12     Liz      F         C   M     65.6     63.2    165     Y     TRUE       1

Now let’s map symbol size to GENDER and symbol colour to EXERCISE, but choosing our own colours. To control your symbol colours, use the layer: scale_colour_manual(values = c()) and select your desired colours. We choose red and blue, and symbol sizes 3 and 7.

qplot(HEIGHT, WEIGHT_1, data = M, geom = c("point"), xlab = "HEIGHT (cm)", ylab = "WEIGHT BEFORE TREATMENT (kg)" , size = factor(GENDER), color = factor(EXERCISE)) + scale_size_manual(values = c(3, 7)) + scale_colour_manual(values = c("red", "blue"))

Here is our graph with red and blue points:

Now let’s see how to control the legend title (the title that sits directly above the legend). For this example, we control the legend title through the name argument within the two functions scale_size_manual() and scale_colour_manual(). Enter this syntax in which we choose appropriate legend titles:

qplot(HEIGHT, WEIGHT_1, data = M, geom = c("point"), xlab = "HEIGHT (cm)", ylab = "WEIGHT BEFORE TREATMENT (kg)" , size = factor(GENDER), color = factor(EXERCISE)) + scale_size_manual(values = c(3, 7), name="Gender") + scale_colour_manual(values = c("red","blue"), name="Exercise")


We now have our preferred symbol colour and size, and legend titles of our choosing.

That wasn’t so hard! In our next blog post we will learn about plotting regression lines in R.

About the Author: David Lillis Ph. D. has taught R to many researchers and statisticians. His company, Sigma Statistics and Research Limited, provides both on-line instruction and face-to-face workshops on R, and coding services in R. David holds a doctorate in applied statistics.

See our full R Tutorial Series and other blog posts regarding R programming.

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In this lesson, let’s see how to use qplot to map symbol colour to a categorical variable.

Copy in the following data set (a medical data set relating to patients in a randomised controlled trial):

(more…)

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